अध्याय १ - अर्जुनविषादयोग
Chapter 1 - Arjuna Viṣāda Yoga
Observing the Armies on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra
Introduces the setup, the setting, the characters and the circumstances that led to the epic battle of Mahābhārata, fought between the Pāṇḍavas and the Kauravas. It outlines the reasons that led to the revelation of the of Bhagavad-gītā. As both armies stand ready for the battle, the mighty warrior Arjuna, on observing the warriors on both sides becomes increasingly sad and depressed due to the fear of losing his relatives and friends and the consequent sins attributed to killing his own relatives. So, he surrenders to Lord Krishna, seeking a solution. Thus, follows the wisdom of the Bhagavad-gītā.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 1
अध्याय १ - श्लोक १
Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O Sañjaya, after my sons and the sons of Pāṇḍu assembled in the place of pilgrimage at Kurukṣetra, desiring to fight, what did they do?
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Chapter 1 - Verse 2
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २
Sañjaya said: O King, after looking over the army arranged in military formation by the sons of Pāṇḍu, King Duryodhana went to his teacher and spoke the following words.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 3
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ३
O my teacher, behold the great army of the sons of Pāṇḍu, so expertly arranged by your intelligent disciple the son of Drupada.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 4
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ४
Here in this army are many heroic bowmen equal in fighting to Bhīma and Arjuna: great fighters like Yuyudhāna, Virāṭa and Drupada.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 5
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ५
There are also great heroic, powerful fighters like Dhṛṣṭaketu, Cekitāna, Kāśirāja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and Śaibya.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 6
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ६
There are the mighty Yudhāmanyu, the very powerful Uttamaujā, the son of Subhadrā and the sons of Draupadī. All these warriors are great chariot fighters.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 7
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ७
But for your information, O best of the brāhmaṇas, let me tell you about the captains who are especially qualified to lead my military force.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 8
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ८
There are personalities like you, Bhīṣma, Karṇa, Kṛpa, Aśvatthāmā, Vikarṇa and the son of Somadatta called Bhūriśravā, who are always victorious in battle.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 9
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ९
There are many other heroes who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake. All of them are well equipped with different kinds of weapons, and all are experienced in military science.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 10
अध्याय १ - श्लोक १०
Our strength is immeasurable, and we are perfectly protected by Grandfather Bhīṣma, whereas the strength of the Pāṇḍavas, carefully protected by Bhīma, is limited.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 11
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ११
All of you must now give full support to Grandfather Bhīṣma, as you stand at your respective strategic points of entrance into the phalanx of the army.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 12
अध्याय १ - श्लोक १२
Then Bhīṣma, the great valiant grandsire of the Kuru dynasty, the grandfather of the fighters, blew his conchshell very loudly, making a sound like the roar of a lion, giving Duryodhana joy.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 13
अध्याय १ - श्लोक १३
After that, the conchshells, drums, bugles, trumpets and horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 14
अध्याय १ - श्लोक १४
On the other side, both Lord Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna, stationed on a great chariot drawn by white horses, sounded their transcendental conchshells.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 15
अध्याय १ - श्लोक १५
Lord Kṛṣṇa blew His conchshell, called Pāñcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhīma, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Pauṇḍra.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 16-18
अध्याय १ - श्लोक १६-१८
King Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Kuntī, blew his conchshell, the Ananta-vijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughoṣa and Maṇipuṣpaka. That great archer the King of Kāśī, the great fighter Śikhaṇḍī, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Virāṭa, the unconquerable Sātyaki, Drupada, the sons of Draupadī, and others, O King, such as the mighty-armed son of Subhadrā, all blew their respective conchshells.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 19
अध्याय १ - श्लोक १९
The blowing of these different conchshells became uproarious. Vibrating both in the sky and on the earth, it shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 20
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २०
At that time Arjuna, the son of Pāṇḍu, seated in the chariot bearing the flag marked with Hanumān, took up his bow and prepared to shoot his arrows. O King, after looking at the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra drawn in military array, Arjuna then spoke to Lord Kṛṣṇa these words.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 21-22
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २१-२२
Arjuna said: O infallible one, please draw my chariot between the two armies so that I may see those present here, who desire to fight, and with whom I must contend in this great trial of arms.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 23
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २३
Let me see those who have come here to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 24
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २४
Sañjaya said: O descendant of Bharata, having thus been addressed by Arjuna, Lord Kṛṣṇa drew up the fine chariot in the midst of the armies of both parties.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 25
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २५
In the presence of Bhīṣma, Droṇa and all the other chieftains of the world, the Lord said, “Just behold, Pārtha, all the Kurus assembled here.”
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Chapter 1 - Verse 26
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २६
There Arjuna could see, within the midst of the armies of both parties, his fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends, and also his fathers-in-law and well-wishers.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 27
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २७
When the son of Kuntī, Arjuna, saw all these different grades of friends and relatives, he became overwhelmed with compassion and spoke thus.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 28
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २८
Arjuna said: My dear Kṛṣṇa, seeing my friends and relatives present before me in such a fighting spirit, I feel the limbs of my body quivering and my mouth drying up.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 29
अध्याय १ - श्लोक २९
My whole body is trembling, my hair is standing on end, my bow Gāṇḍīva is slipping from my hand, and my skin is burning.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 30
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ३०
I am now unable to stand here any longer. I am forgetting myself, and my mind is reeling. I see only causes of misfortune, O Kṛṣṇa, killer of the Keśī demon.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 31
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ३१
I do not see how any good can come from killing my own kinsmen in this battle, nor can I, my dear Kṛṣṇa, desire any subsequent victory, kingdom or happiness.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 32-35
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ३२-३५
O Govinda, of what avail to us are a kingdom, happiness or even life itself when all those for whom we may desire them are now arrayed on this battlefield? O Madhusūdana, when teachers, fathers, sons, grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives are ready to give up their lives and properties and are standing before me, why should I wish to kill them, even though they might otherwise kill me? O maintainer of all living entities, I am not prepared to fight with them even in exchange for the three worlds, let alone this earth. What pleasure will we derive from killing the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra?
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Chapter 1 - Verse 36
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ३६
Sin will overcome us if we slay such aggressors. Therefore it is not proper for us to kill the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and our friends. What should we gain, O Kṛṣṇa, husband of the goddess of fortune, and how could we be happy by killing our own kinsmen?
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Chapter 1 - Verse 37-38
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ३७-३८
O Janārdana, although these men, their hearts overtaken by greed, see no fault in killing one’s family or quarreling with friends, why should we, who can see the crime in destroying a family, engage in these acts of sin?
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Chapter 1 - Verse 39
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ३९
With the destruction of the dynasty, the eternal family tradition is vanquished, and thus the rest of the family becomes involved in irreligion.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 40
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ४०
When irreligion is prominent in the family, O Kṛṣṇa, the women of the family become polluted, and from the degradation of womanhood, O descendant of Vṛṣṇi, comes unwanted progeny.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 41
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ४१
An increase of unwanted population certainly causes hellish life both for the family and for those who destroy the family tradition. The ancestors of such corrupt families fall down, because the performances for offering them food and water are entirely stopped.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 42
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ४२
By the evil deeds of those who destroy the family tradition and thus give rise to unwanted children, all kinds of community projects and family welfare activities are devastated.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 43
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ४३
O Kṛṣṇa, maintainer of the people, I have heard by disciplic succession that those whose family traditions are destroyed dwell always in hell.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 44
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ४४
Alas, how strange it is that we are preparing to commit greatly sinful acts. Driven by the desire to enjoy royal happiness, we are intent on killing our own kinsmen.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 45
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ४५
Better for me if the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, weapons in hand, were to kill me unarmed and unresisting on the battlefield.
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Chapter 1 - Verse 46
अध्याय १ - श्लोक ४६
Sañjaya said: Arjuna, having thus spoken on the battlefield, cast aside his bow and arrows and sat down on the chariot, his mind overwhelmed with grief.